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--- hydro:uph [2020/08/28 16:17] – ckuells
+++ hydro:uph [2024/04/10 10:02] (aktuell) – Externe Bearbeitung 127.0.0.1
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+====== Unsolved Problems in Hydrology ======
 ====== Time variability and change ======
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   - Why is most flow preferential across multiple scales and how does such behaviour co-evolve with the critical zone?
   - Why do streams respond so quickly to precipitation inputs when storm flow is so old, and what is the transit time distribution of water in the terrestrial water cycle?
-Variability of extremes
+====== Variability of extremes ======
   - How do flood-rich and drought-rich periods arise, are they changing, and if so why?
   - Why are runoff extremes in some catchments more sensitive to land-use/cover and geomorphic change than in others?
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 ====== Interfaces in hydrology ======
-. What are the processes that control hillslopeâ€“riparianâ€“streamâ€“groundwater interactions and when do the compartments connect?
-. What are the processes controlling the fluxes of groundwater across boundaries (e.g. groundwater recharge, inter-catchment fluxes and discharge to oceans)?
+  - What are the processes that control hillslope-riparian-stream-groundwater interactions and when do the compartments connect?
-. What factors contribute to the long-term persistence of sources responsible for the degradation of water quality?
+  - What are the processes controlling the fluxes of groundwater across boundaries (e.g. groundwater recharge, inter-catchment fluxes and discharge to oceans)?
-. What are the extent, fate and impact of contaminants of emerging concern and how are microbial pathogens removed or inactivated in the subsurface?
+  - What factors contribute to the long-term persistence of sources responsible for the degradation of water quality?
-Measurements and data
+  - What are the extent, fate and impact of contaminants of emerging concern and how are microbial pathogens removed or inactivated in the subsurface?
-. How can we use innovative technologies to measure surface and subsurface properties, states and fluxes at a range of spatial and temporal scales?
-. What is the relative value of traditional hydrological observations vs soft data (qualitative observations from lay persons, data mining etc.), and under what conditions can we substitute space for time?
+====== Measurements and data ======
-. How can we extract information from available data on human and water systems in order to inform the building process of socio-hydrological models and conceptualisations?
-Modelling methods
+  - How can we use innovative technologies to measure surface and subsurface properties, states and fluxes at a range of spatial and temporal scales?
-. How can hydrological models be adapted to be able to extrapolate to changing conditions, including changing vegetation dynamics?
+  - What is the relative value of traditional hydrological observations vs soft data (qualitative observations from lay persons, data mining etc.), and under what conditions can we substitute space for time?
-. How can we disentangle and reduce model structural/parameter/input uncertainty in hydrological prediction?
+  - How can we extract information from available data on human and water systems in order to inform the building process of socio-hydrological models and conceptualisations?
-Interfaces with society
-. How can the (un)certainty in hydrological predictions be communicated to decision makers and the general public?
+====== Modelling methods ======
-. What are the synergies and tradeoffs between societal goals related to water management (e.g. waterâ€“environmentâ€“energyâ€“foodâ€“health)?
+  - How can hydrological models be adapted to be able to extrapolate to changing conditions, including changing vegetation dynamics?
-. What is the role of water in migration, urbanisation and the dynamics of human civilisations, and what are the implications for contemporary water management?
+  - How can we disentangle and reduce model structural/parameter/input uncertainty in hydrological prediction?
+====== Interfaces with society ======
+  - How can the (un)certainty in hydrological predictions be communicated to decision makers and the general public?
+  - What are the synergies and tradeoffs between societal goals related to water management (e.g. water environment-energy-food-health)?
+  - What is the role of water in migration, urbanisation and the dynamics of human civilisations, and what are the implications for contemporary water management?