====== Groundwater Hydrology ======

===== Introduction & Scope =====

The lecture on groundwater hydrology introduces the //terminology, principles, processes// and //applications// of **groundwater hydrology**. **Groundwater recharge** (direct through soils and indirect from rivers and surface water) is described and presented for different climates and environments. Different **types of aquifers** (phreatic and confined), their properties and parameters are introduced. Methods for the measurement of groundwater systems and for the evaluation of data are presented. **Pumping test analysis**, slug tests, simple injection/draw-down tests and their application are described. Special emphasis will be on the **relevance of groundwater for hydrological systems**, e.g. runoff generation (groundwater ridging), variable **discharge zones**, catchment response, **spring-flow dynamics**, and on the **interaction of surface and groundwater hydrology**. In the course analytical 3D models will be used to //visualize how groundwater flows in 3D along hillslopes, along and around rivers, around weirs and channel confinements, close to the coast, in discharge zones//. The terms **effective porosity, specific yield, hydraulic conductivity, permeability, transmissivity** will be introduced and ranges given for typical aquifers. The properties of **porous and fractured aquifers** and time scales of **aquifer response** of groundwater systems will be specified. **System characterization** for hydrological and groundwater modelling with different //physical and hydrochemical methods// will be an important aspect.