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--- en:lectures:swrm:start [2018/10/20 18:47] – ckuells
+++ en:lectures:swrm:start [2024/05/29 22:09] (aktuell) – ckuells
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 ++++ Additional material, web-links, data for the lecture Sustainable Water Resources Management |
@@ Zeile 17: / Zeile 16: @@
 ===== E-Books and Learning Material =====
-  * [[http://www.whycos.org/hwrp/guide/|Whycos / WMO Guide to Hydrological Practive: Internet Link to most recent version]]
+  * [[http://www.whycos.org/hwrp/guide/|Whycos / WMO Guide to Hydrological Practice: Internet Link to most recent version]]
   * {{ :en:lectures:swrm:g1-wmo_guide_168_vol_i_en-measurement-to-information.pdf | WMO Guide Hydrology Vol. 1}}
   * {{ :en:lectures:swrm:g2-wmo_guide_168_vol_ii_en-water-management.pdf | WMO Guide Water Management Vol. 2}}
@@ Zeile 42: / Zeile 41: @@
 ==== 1. Basins and Water Balance of Basins ====
-{{ :en:lectures:swrm:l1-basins.pdf | Lecture on basins, basin delineation and basin characteristics}}
   * {{ :en:lectures:swrm:l1-european-commission-river_basin_districts-2012.pdf | European Basins}}
   * {{ :en:lectures:swrm:l1-watersheds-urban-small-hydrology-small-watersheds.pdf | Small Urban Watersheds}}
@@ Zeile 70: / Zeile 68: @@
 === 2.1 Precipitation: Monitoring ===
-{{ :en:lectures:swrm:l2-precipitation.pdf | Slides of lecture on precipitation, monitoring and interpolation}}
+{{ :en:lectures:swrm:precipitation.zip | Articles and notes on precipitation (LateX)}}
 == Exercise & Homework ==
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   - Please read the paper of Liu et al. 2017 and the short introduction to Quantum GIS interpolation methods and answer the following questions: What is the most robust and what is the most accurate method, given that hydrological data often have errors and are highly variable?
     * {{ :en:lectures:swrm:a2-liu-2017-interpolation-methods-25379.pdf | Liu et al. 2017: Quantitative Evaluation of Spatial Interpolation Models }}
-    * [[http://docs.qgis.org/2.2/de/docs/gentle_gis_introduction/spatial_analysis_interpolation.html|QGIS Rainfall Interpolation Methods]]
+    * [[https://docs.qgis.org/2.18/en/docs/gentle_gis_introduction/spatial_analysis_interpolation.html|QGIS Rainfall Interpolation Methods]]
   - Use the inverse distance calculator and calculate rainfall at the point (x,y). Material: {{ :en:lectures:swrm:inverse-distance.xlsx | Inverse Distance Calculator}}
 === 2.2 Precipitation: Extremes and Statistics ===
-Slides of third lecture on {{ :en:lectures:swrm:l3-extremes.pdf | Precipitation: Extremes and statistics}}
 ++++ Additional material, web-links, data for the lecture on precipitation extremes |
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 **Tab.** //Table of rainfall data//
 <csv file=en:lectures:swrm:rainfall.csv></csv>
+Link to the intermediate result of rainfall extreme value analysis: {{ :en:lectures:swrm:idf.xlsx |Rainfall intensity analysis}}
+Link to the final result with the Excel calculator to obtain IDF curves using the Sherman equation for short, longer duration and with the full Sherman idf function with 3 parameters: {{ :en:lectures:swrm:idf_final.xlsx | IDF calculation sheet (final)}}.
 ++++
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 === Potential evaporation, actual evaporation: Measurement and Estimation ===
-Often evaporation is - for long time periods - the largest component of the water cycle and it deserves a closer look for this reason. The {{ :en:lectures:swrm:l3-evaporation-final.pdf | slides for lecture on evaporation}} give an overview of measurement techniques, estimation approaches and formulae.
+Often evaporation is - for long time periods - the largest component of the water cycle and it deserves a closer look for this reason.
-You can test how a commonly used evaporation formula works with an [[https://fhl-pro.shinyapps.io/Evaporation_DVWK/|interactive equation plotter]]: You can modify wind speed, roughness and relative humidity and will get results of daily evaporation during a hydrological year with a given temperature time series.
-FAO offers excellent [[http://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/eto-calculator/en/|software]] for the estimation of actual evaporation and for the calculation of the reference Evaporation with the Penman-Monteith method. An [[https://fhl-pro.shinyapps.io/penman-monteith-fao/#1|interactive computation sheet]] dev. by Prof. Kuells shows the energy balance and controlling factors of the Penman-Monteith method. The recommended software is [[http://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/climwat-for-cropwat/en/|ClIMWAT]] for getting climate data, [[http://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/cropwat/en/|CROPWAT]] for calculating crop water requirements and [[http://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/eto-calculator/en/|ETo Calculator]] for calculating the reference evaporation. Most equations are implemented in the [[https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Evapotranspiration/index.html|R package evapotranspiration]].
+FAO offers excellent [[http://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/eto-calculator/en/|software]] for the estimation of actual evaporation and for the calculation of the reference Evaporation with the Penman-Monteith method. An [[https://etcalc.hydrotools.tech/pageMain.php|interactive computation sheet]] shows several methods. Another recommended software is [[http://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/climwat-for-cropwat/en/|ClIMWAT]] for getting climate data, [[http://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/cropwat/en/|CROPWAT]] for calculating crop water requirements and [[http://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/eto-calculator/en/|ETo Calculator]] for calculating the reference evaporation. Most equations are implemented in the [[https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Evapotranspiration/index.html|R package evapotranspiration]].
 == Assignments ==
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   - [[https://vimeo.com/219190463|Eddy covariance method]]
   - [[http://www.fao.org/docrep/X0490E/x0490e00.htm#Contents|FAO Evaporation]]
+  - [[https://wetlandinfo.des.qld.gov.au/wetlands/ecology/processes-systems/evaporation/|Evaporation for Australia and salt marshes]]
 ++++
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 === From Horton overland flow to modern soil physics  ===
-{{ :en:lectures:swrm:l4-infiltration.pdf |Slides of fourth lecture on infiltration}}
 == Assignments ==
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 ==== 5. Soil Water Movement ====
-{{ :en:lectures:swrm:l5-soil-physics.pdf | Slides on principles of soil water movement}}
 === Pedotransfer Functions ===
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 Groundwater is the water that fills voids between sediments or fractures in hard-rock completley and that is moved by gravity only. When water percolating from the unsaturated zone reaches the upper boundary of the ground water, the water level, groundwater is recharged. The process of groundwater recharge is very important for the assessment of sustainable water abstraction volumnes.
-The {{ :en:lectures:swrm:l6-wra-recharge-estimation-methods.pdf |lecture on groundwater recharge}} summarizes methods to assess groundwater recharge in different climates, geologic and environmental conditions. The {{ :en:lectures:swrm:l6-groundwater-update.pdf |fundamental terms and principles of groundwater hydrology}} are introduced.
 == Material ==
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 === Measurement ===
-The measurement of discharge in open channels, at weirs and with additional hydrometric methods (velocity measurements, ADCP and tracers) are described in the {{ :en:lectures:swrm:l5-runoff-gauging_update.pdf |lecture slides}}. A {{ :en:lectures:swrm:l5-monitoring-surface-water-rwanda.pdf |case study of water resources assessment with hydrometric methods in Rwanda}} and of the {{ :en:lectures:swrm:l5-water-balance-rwanda-runoff-data.pdf |results obtained from a hydrometric study}} are presented. Worked examples are also given for {{ :en:lectures:swrm:l5-runoff-tracer-methods.pdf |discharge measurements with tracer methods}}.
 Runoff generation, runoff concentration, runoff measurement and the subsequent analysis of runoff data are key competencies of hydrologists and form the basis for water resources assessment, flood risk management, hydro-power potential assessments and any analysis of river flow data for various purposes (irrigation, ship navigation, drinking water from surface resources).
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 Prediction and modeling are based on the understanding of how runoff and discharge change in time and in space or both and in the application of underlying statistical, physically process-based or conceptual relationships to predict or model runoff or discharge at one point or moment r(x,t), d(x,t) or for a spatial domain at a given time in future r(x,y,z,t+n) or for future time-series r(t). Prediction methods result from rainfall-runoff models or channel routing models or from any other proven and calibrated and validated relationship between relevant basin or event parameters and a hydrological target variable, here runoff or discharge.
-{{ :en:lectures:swrm:l5-runoff-modeling.pdf | A summary is given in the lecture slides on runoff modeling.}}
 === Engineering ===
-Hydrological engineering is the development and implementation, planned and objective-drivent, to change runoff or discharge at one or several points in time and in space with the purpose of improving ecological status or conditions for our life and social and economic activities. Hydrological engineering includes
+Hydrological engineering is the development and implementation, planned and objective-driven, to change runoff or discharge at one or several points in time and in space with the purpose of improving ecological status or conditions for our life and social and economic activities. Hydrological engineering includes
   * flood retention, control and management
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 {{ :en:lectures:swrm:climate-data-luebeck.xlsx | Climate Data}} provided by DWD on their website for free for a station nearbei. The parameters are explained in this {{ :en:lectures:swrm:parameters.xlsx |file}}.
-=== Template ===
-You can use the {{ :en:lectures:swrm:assignment-template.docx |Word Template}} for assignments showing how the title page, the figures and tables are listed, referenced and named, also giving citation style and reference list. The assignment can be short. Submit the file and a short description of what you did on < 5 pages.